TPLO surgery has become more budget-friendly at Brighter Veterinary Center.

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TPLO is a widely used procedure to repair cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) tears in dogs, and sometimes in cats as well. In many cases, TPLO surgery is considered superior to other orthopedic procedures, especially for large breeds and those with advanced joint degeneration and CCL ruptures.

Injuries related to CCL tears, fractures, and other orthopedic issues are common among dogs, necessitating the expertise of a highly skilled team of veterinary surgeons. This guide explains what TPLO entails, the cases in which it is needed, and the reasons behind its effectiveness. We also offer valuable tips to help you maintain your dog's orthopedic health after the surgery.

To ensure the best care for your furry friend's orthopedic well-being, consult with your veterinarian, who will guide you through the entire process.

Much like humans can experience ACL tears, pets can suffer from torn cranial cruciate ligaments (CCL) due to significant impact or sudden injury. In a pet's knee joint, there are two crucial ligaments—the cranial cruciate ligament and the caudal cruciate ligament. These ligaments play a vital role in facilitating knee movement as a hinge joint and preventing rotation between the upper bone (femur) and lower bone (tibia or shin bone). The meniscus acts as a cushion between the tibia and femur.

When the CCL tears, it leads to pain and reduced mobility, with the severity of the rupture determining the extent of immobility. Diagnosis typically involves examination, X-rays, and a cranial drawer test to assess joint instability. Without proper treatment, the joint will continue to deteriorate, resulting in chronic pain, arthritis, and lameness.

To address a CCL rupture, veterinarians often recommend surgical procedures such as Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO), Tibial Tuberosity Advancement (TTA), or Lateral Fabellotibial Suture (LFS). Among these options, TPLO is the most commonly preferred method due to its high success rate. After surgery, pets usually experience improved mobility and reduced osteoarthritis, leading to a better quality of life.

When a dog experiences a cruciate ligament rupture, TPLO surgery comes to the rescue. This procedure is designed to stabilize the knee joint (stifle) and prevent further progression of osteoarthritis. It is considered the most common and effective method for treating cruciate tears in dogs, requiring the expertise of specialized surgeons.

• Before the TPLO surgery

 The surgical team employs precise digital x-rays to plan the procedure meticulously. The surgeon carefully examines the knee structures and removes any remnants of the damaged ligament(s). This can be achieved either by directly inspecting the joint or utilizing arthroscopy with a tiny camera through a small incision.

• During the TPLO surgery

 The surgeon skillfully cuts the tibial plateau, the load-bearing area of the knee, and repositions it at a 5-degree angle. This critical step provides stability to the knee joint when the dog bears weight. The tibia is cut, rotated to reduce excessive slope, and then skillfully repositioned. To secure everything in place, a specially designed bone plate and screws are used for a secure bone graft.

During the procedure, the surgeon also evaluates the meniscus, a vital cartilage structure in the knee. If the meniscus is torn, damaged portions are carefully removed to prevent ongoing joint irritation. In cases where the meniscus is intact, a "meniscal release" is performed to safeguard it from potential future damage.

• After the TPLO surgery 

The dog will undergo additional X-rays to assess the shin's new angle and the function of the screws and plates. To protect the surgical site, a bandage is applied. Most dogs will stay overnight at the hospital for post-operative care, including the administration of painkillers and antibiotics, while they recover under the watchful care of the veterinary team.

TPLO surgery is necessary for dogs with a torn or ruptured cranial cruciate ligament (CCL). The CCL plays a crucial role in stabilizing the knee joint, and when it is damaged, it leads to joint instability, pain, and reduced mobility in the affected leg.

The primary reasons why TPLO surgery is necessary are:

1. Restoring knee joint stability: TPLO surgery alters the angle of the tibial plateau, the top surface of the shinbone, which helps stabilize the knee joint. This ensures the knee functions correctly even without the CCL's support.

2. Relieving pain and lameness: By stabilizing the knee joint, TPLO surgery alleviates pain and lameness, significantly improving the dog's overall comfort and mobility.

3. Preventing osteoarthritis: If left untreated, CCL tears can lead to ongoing joint degeneration and the development of osteoarthritis. TPLO surgery helps prevent or delay the progression of arthritis.

4. High success rate: TPLO surgery has a proven track record of success compared to other orthopedic procedures for CCL tears, making it a preferred choice for many veterinarians.

5. Suitable for various dogs: TPLO surgery is effective for dogs of all breeds and sizes, especially larger dogs with increased joint stress.

6. Long-lasting benefits: TPLO surgery provides long-term stability to the knee joint, reducing the likelihood of future joint issues and potentially avoiding the need for additional surgeries.

While TPLO surgery requires specialized skills and post-operative care, it is the recommended treatment for dogs with CCL tears, offering them the best chance of recovery and improved joint function. However, the decision to proceed with TPLO or explore other treatment options will depend on individual evaluations by veterinarians, taking into account the dog's specific condition, age, size, and overall health.

After undergoing TPLO surgery, your dog's recovery period is critical for achieving the best outcome. Expect your pet to need rest and exercise restrictions for approximately 8-12 weeks. This timeframe allows the incision and bone to heal and for the knee function to gradually return. While most dogs recover in about 8 weeks, the duration may vary based on factors like age and overall fitness level.

Follow these at-home recovery instructions for a successful healing process:

1. Leash Walks: Until the bone is fully healed, leash walk your dog to prevent falls that could damage the bone plate. Supervise any movement, including potty breaks, and use slings or harnesses if needed, especially for larger dogs.

2. Incision Care: Keep the incision site clean and dry after your veterinarian removes the bandage or wound dressing. Monitor the area daily and contact your veterinarian if you notice excessive swelling, bleeding, or drainage.

3. Elizabethan Collar: Use an Elizabethan collar (cone) for the first 2 weeks to prevent your dog from licking or chewing the incision site.

4. Ice Packs: Apply towel-wrapped ice packs to the area (not directly on the skin) 2-3 times a day for up to twenty minutes during the first 48-72 hours post-surgery. Frozen vegetables can serve as a substitute for ice packs.

5. Activity Restriction: Restrict your dog's activity to a small area in the home, such as a crate or indoor circular fence, to ensure proper rest.

6. Pain Management: Administer all prescribed medications as instructed, and promptly contact your veterinarian if you suspect your pet is in pain. Proper pain management is crucial for recovery and overall well-being.

During the recovery period, maintain a calm and stress-free environment at home to support your dog's healing process. Avoid roughhousing, climbing steps, jumping, and running during this time.

2-10 Weeks Post-Operative Recovery:

At 2 weeks post-surgery, gradually increase the length of your dog's leash walks. By the 8th week, your pet should be capable of taking two 20-minute walks each day and engaging in basic daily living activities.

At 8-10 weeks post-surgery, your veterinarian will conduct recheck x-rays to assess bone healing. Your dog can gradually resume normal activities. A rehabilitation program at a facility experienced in postoperative recovery for orthopedic injuries, like TPLO, can optimize your dog's recovery. Laser therapy and acupuncture treatments may also yield positive results.

To promote your dog's orthopedic health, maintain a healthy weight, supervise activities to minimize accidents and injuries, and exercise your dog regularly through walks and age-appropriate activities. Follow up on postoperative care recommendations and yearly examinations, and inquire with your veterinarian about supplements and medications that support mobility and reduce inflammation and pain. Encourage low-impact exercise, such as walking and swimming, for a happy and healthy furry companion.

At Brighter Veterinary Center, we specialize in TPLO surgery, an effective procedure for repairing CCL tears in dogs. Our top priority is ensuring pain-free mobility and enhancing the quality of life for our furry companions. With our experienced team routinely performing TPLO surgeries, we also offer comprehensive post-operative rehabilitation programs. 

If you have any questions or need information about cruciate surgery, please don't hesitate to contact us. Your pet's well-being is our primary concern, and we're here to provide expert guidance and unwavering support. Feel free to reach out to us for any assistance you may need.